I think there is a problem in my "dependency graph". As an example, 
[here](http://poivron.org/~nil/misc/ikiwiki_buggy_index) is the index 
ikiwiki generated for [my site](http://poivron.org/~nil/misc/ikiwiki_buggy_index)
(note that the site changed since this index was generated).

Some **HUGE** dependencies appear, clearly non optimal, like

    depends = A｜ B | A | C | A | D | A | E | A | F | A | G | ....

or 

    depends= A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | ....

Couldn't isolate the cause, but some sources for this problem may be:

* related to the img module
* easily observable in my sire because one of my pages includes 80 resized images

Other special things in my templates and site:

* a sidebar with \[[!include pages="notes/\*" template=foo]] while notes.mdwn has 
  a \[[!include pages="notes/*"]] and uses the sidebar; removed it, doesn't change
* a template (biblio.tmpl) calling the "img" plugin with a template parameter as the
  image filename; removed it, doesn't change
* some strange games with tags whose page calls a "map" directive to show other tags
  shile tags are also used in tagclouds (in the sidebar and in the main pages)
* ...

I observed these problems (same *kind*, I didn't check in details) on
 
* ikiwiki 2.00gpa1 + v5.8.4 + Debian 3.1
* ikiwiki 2.3 + v5.8.8 + Ubuntu 7.04

I can think about reducung the size of my wiki source and making it available online for analysis.

-- NicolasLimare

> As long as these dependencies don't grow over time (ie, when a page is
> edited and nothing changed that should add a dependency), I wouldn't
> worry about them. There are many things that can cause non-optimal
> dependencies to be recorded. For one thing, if you inline something, ikiwiki
> creates a dependency like:
> 
> (PageSpec) or (file1 or file2 or file3 ...)
> 
> Where fileN are all the files that the PageSpec currently matches. (This
> is ncessary to detect when a currently inlined file is deleted, and know
> the inlining page needs an update.) Now consider what it does if you have
> a single page with two inline statements, that inline the same set of
> stuff twice:
> 
> ((PageSpec) or (file1 or file2 or file3 ...) or (PageSpec) or (file1 or file2 or file3 ...)
>
> Clearly non-optimal, indeed.
> 
> Ikiwiki doesn't bother to simplify complex PageSpecs
> because it's difficult to do, and because all they use is some disk
> space. Consider what ikiwiki uses these dependencies for.
> All it wants to know is: does the PageSpec for this page it's considering
> rebuilding match any of the pages that have changed? Determining this is
> a simple operation -- the PageSpec is converted to perl code. The perl
> code is run.
> 
> So the total impact of an ugly dependency like this is:
> 
> 1. Some extra data read/written to disk.
> 2. Some extra space in memory.
> 3. A bit more data for the PageSpec translation code to handle. But that
>    code is quite fast.
> 4. Typically one extra function call when the generated perl code is run.
>    Ie, when the expression on the left-hand side fails, which typically
>    happens after one (inexpensive) function call, it has to check
>    the identical expression on the right hand side.
> 
> So this is at best a wishlist todo item, not a bug. A PageSpec simplifier
> (or improved `pagespec_merge()` function) could be written and improve
> ikiwiki's memory and disk usage, but would it actually speed it up any?
> We'd have to see the code to the simplifier to know.
> 
> --[[Joey]]

[[!template id=gitbranch branch=smcv/ready/optimize-depends author="[[smcv]]"]]

>> I've been looking at optimizing ikiwiki for a site using
>> [[plugins/contrib/album]] (which produces a lot of pages) and it seems
>> that checking which pages depend on which pages does take a significant
>> amount of time. The optimize-depends branch in my git repository
>> avoids using `pagespec_merge()` for this (indeed it's no longer used
>> at all), and instead represents dependencies as a list of pagespecs
>> rather than a single pagespec. This does turn out to be faster, although
>> not as much as I'd like. --[[smcv]]

>>> I just wanted to note that there is a whole long discussion of dependencies and pagespecs on the [[todo/tracking_bugs_with_dependencies]] page. -- [[Will]]

>>>> Yeah, I had a look at that (as the only other mention of `pagespec_merge`).
>>>> I think I might have solved some of the problems mentioned there,
>>>> actually - `pagespec_merge` no longer needs to exist in my branch (although
>>>> I haven't actually deleted it), because the "or" operation is now done in
>>>> the Perl code, rather than by merging pagespecs and translating. --[[smcv]]

[[!template id=gitbranch branch=smcv/ready/remove-pagespec-merge author="[[smcv]]"]]

>>>>> I've now added a patch to the end of that branch that deletes
>>>>> `pagespec_merge` almost entirely (we do need to keep a copy around, in
>>>>> ikiwiki-transition, but that copy doesn't have to be optimal or support
>>>>> future features like [[tracking_bugs_with_dependencies]]). --[[smcv]]

---

Some questions on your optimize-depends branch. --[[Joey]]

In saveindex it still or'd together the depends list, but the `{depends}`
field seems only useful for backwards compatability (ie, ikiwiki-transition
uses it still), and otherwise just bloats the index.

> If it's acceptable to declare that downgrading IkiWiki requires a complete
> rebuild, I'm happy with that. I'd prefer to keep the (simple form of the)
> transition done automatically during a load/save cycle, rather than
> requiring ikiwiki-transition to be run; we should probably say in NEWS
> that the performance increase won't fully apply until the next
> rebuild. --[[smcv]]

>> It is acceptable not to support downgrades.
>> I don't think we need a NEWS file update since any sort of refresh,
>> not just a full rebuild, will cause the indexdb to be loaded and saved,
>> enabling the optimisation. --[[Joey]] 

Is an array the right data structure? `add_depends` has to loop through the
array to avoid dups, it would be better if a hash were used there. Since
inline (and other plugins) explicitly add all linked pages, each as a
separate item, the list can get rather long, and that single add_depends
loop has suddenly become O(N^2) to the number of pages, which is something
to avoid..

> I was also thinking about this (I've been playing with some stuff based on the
> `remove-pagespec-merge` branch).  A hash, by itself, is not optimal because
> the dependency list holds two things: page names and page specs.  The hash would
> work well for the page names, but you'll still need to iterate through the page specs.
> I was thinking of keeping a list and a hash.  You use the list for pagespecs
> and the hash for individual page names.  To make this work you need to adjust the
> API so it knows which you're adding.  -- [[Will]]

> I wasn't thinking about a lookup hash, just a dedup hash, FWIW.
> --[[Joey]]

>> I was under the impression from previous code review that you preferred
>> to represent unordered sets as lists, rather than hashes with dummy
>> values. If I was wrong, great, I'll fix that and it'll probably go
>> a bit faster. --[[smcv]]

>>> It depends, really. And it'd certianly make sense to benchmark such a
>>> change. --[[Joey]] 

Also, since a lot of places are calling add_depends in a loop, it probably
makes sense to just make it accept a list of dependencies to add. It'll be
marginally faster, probably, and should allow for better optimisation
when adding a lot of depends at once.

> That'd be an API change; perhaps marginally faster, but I don't
> see how it would allow better optimisation if we're de-duplicating
> anyway? --[[smcv]]

>> Well, I was thinking that it might be sufficient to build a `%seen`
>> hash of dependencies inside `add_depends`, if the places that call
>> it lots were changed to just call it once. Of course the only way to
>> tell is benchmarking. --[[Joey]] 

In Render.pm, we now have a triply nested loop, which is a bit
scary for efficiency. It seems there should be a way to
rework this code so it can use the optimised `pagespec_match_list`,
and/or hoist some of the inner loop calculations (like the `pagename`)
out.

> I don't think the complexity is any greater than it was: I've just
> moved one level of "loop" out of the generated Perl, to be
> in visible code. I'll see whether some of it can be hoisted, though.
> --[[smcv]]

>> The call to `pagename` is the only part I can see that's clearly
>> run more often than before. That function is pretty inexpensive, but..
>> --[[Joey]]

Very good catch on img/meta using the wrong dependency; verified in the wild!
(I've cherry-picked those bug fixes.)

[[!tag wishlist patch patch/core]]