X-Git-Url: https://sipb.mit.edu/gitweb.cgi/ikiwiki.git/blobdiff_plain/98c3ca89bd6d2a6abc67d9dc1589a7046bd56d4b..623c1aa34fcc2b8c5a31ea8316088c7aa8f4eb22:/doc/rcs/git.mdwn diff --git a/doc/rcs/git.mdwn b/doc/rcs/git.mdwn index 6d6d622c7..74402e155 100644 --- a/doc/rcs/git.mdwn +++ b/doc/rcs/git.mdwn @@ -1,10 +1,140 @@ [[meta title="Git"]] -[Git](http://git.or.cz) is a distributed revison control system originally developed for the Linux kernel. Ikiwiki supports storing a wiki in git. +[Git][git] is a distributed revison control system originally developed for +the Linux kernel. Ikiwiki supports storing a wiki in git. -Ikiwiki can run as a post-update hook to update a wiki whenever commits +[git]: http://git.or.cz/ + +Ikiwiki can run as a `post-update` hook to update a wiki whenever commits come in. When running as a [[cgi]] with Git, ikiwiki automatically -commits edited pages, and uses the Git history to generate the [[RecentChanges]] page. +commits edited pages, and uses the Git history to generate the +[[RecentChanges]] page. + +## git repository setup + +The suggested setup for git is a set of repositories setup like a +shallow, single level tree, with a bare repository (meaning that it +does not have a working tree checked out) at the root, and various +working clones (with working directories) as leaf nodes. The root +(bare) repository is meant to be pushed to and pulled from the various +working clones. The image below displays the relationship between the +root repository and the clone repositories (this is not a directory +layout): + +![Git repository relationships](http://people.debian.org/~srivasta/ikiwiki_git.png) + +One of the leaf node clone repositories is special; it has working +directory which is used to compile the wiki from, and is also used by the +[[cgi]] to commit changes made via the web interface. It is special +since the `post-commit` hook for the bare root repository is used to +trigger an update of this repository, and then an ikiwiki refresh +updates the published wiki itself. + +The other (optional) leaf node repositories are meant for you to work +on, and commit to, changes should then be pushed to the bare root +repository. In theory, you could work on the same leaf node repository +that ikiwiki uses to compile the wiki from, and the [[cgi]] commits +to, as long as you ensure that permissions and ownership don't hinder +the working of the [[cgi]]. This can be done, for example, by using +ACL's, in practice, it is easier to just setup separate clones for +yourself. + +So, to reiterate, when using Git, you probably want to set up three +repositories: + +* The root repository. This should be a bare repository (meaning that + it does not have a working tree checked out), which the other + repositories will push to/pull from. It is a bare repository, since + there are problems pushing to a repository that has a working + directory. This is called _repository_ in [[ikiwiki-makerepo]]'s + manual page. Nominally, this bare repository has a `post-commit` hook + that either is or calls ikiwiki's git wrapper, which changes to the + working directory for ikiwiki, does a _git pull_, and refreshes ikiwiki + to regenerate the wiki with any new content. The [[setup]] page describes + how to do this. + +* The second repository is a clone of the bare root repository, and + has a working tree which is used as ikiwiki's srcdir for compiling + the wiki. **Never** push to this repository. When running as a + [[cgi]], the changes are committed to this repository, and pushed to + the master repository above. This is called _srcdir_ in + [[ikiwiki-makerepo]]'s manual page. + +* The other (third, fourth, fifth, sixth -- however many pleases you) + repositories are also clones of the bare root repository above -- + and these have a working directory for you to work on. Use either + the `git` transport (if available), or `ssh`. These repositories may + be on remote machines, your laptop, whereever you find convenient to + hack on your wiki. you can commit local changes to the version on + the laptop, perhaps while offline. Any new content should be pushed to the + bare master repository when you are ready to publish it, and then + the post-commit hook of the bare repository will ensure that the + ikiwiki's source directory is updated, and the ikiwiki refreshed + with the new content. + +Using three or more of repositories isn't the most obvious set up, but +it works the best for typical ikiwiki use. [[ikiwiki-makerepo]] can +automate setting this up for the common case where there is no +pre-existing wiki. [[tips/Laptop_wiki_with_git]] describes a different +way to set up ikiwiki and git. + +It is **paramount** that you **never** push to the non-bare repository +([this FAQ entry explains why](http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#head-b96f48bc9c925074be9f95c0fce69bcece5f6e73)). +Instead, clone the bare repository as mentioned above, and push +**only** to the bare repository. + +The ikiwiki `post-commit` hook should be put in the bare repository. + +## git repository with multiple committers + +It can be tricky to get the permissions right to allow multiple people to +commit to an ikiwiki git repository. As the [[security]] page mentions, +for a secure ikiwiki installation, only one person should be able to write +to ikiwiki's srcdir. When other committers make commits, their commits +should go to the bare repository, which has a `post-update` hook that uses +ikiwiki to pull the changes to the srcdir. + +One setup that will work is to put all committers in a group (say, +"ikiwiki"), and use permissions to allow that group to commit to the bare git +repository. Make both the post-update hook and ikiwiki.cgi be setgid +to the group, as well as suid to the user who admins the wiki. The +`wrappergroup` [[setup_file_option|usage]] can be used to make the wrappers +be setgid to the right group. Then the srcdir, including its git +repository, should only be writable by the wiki's admin, and *not* by the +group. Take care that ikiwiki uses a umask that does not cause files in +the srcdir to become group writable. (umask 022 will work.) + +## Optionally using a local wiki to preview changes + +When working on the "working clones" to add content to your wiki, +it is common (but optional) practice to preview your changes using a +private wiki on the local host before publishing the updates by +sending it to the root repository. If you do want to setup a private +wiki, you will have to have another setup file and and an ikiwiki +installation on your local machine. You will need all the packages +this implies -- a web server, git, ikiwiki, etc. However, there is a +_caveat_: by default, ikiwiki pulls and pushes from `origin`. This is +not ideal for the working clones on the local machine, since you might +go through several iterations of a page before pushing to the bare +root of the repository tree (and thus publishing it on your public wiki). +You do not want the action of refreshing the local wiki in order to +review your work to accidentally publish the +contents before you are ready. In order to prevent the git push that +is the normal behaviour of ikiwiki, set the configuration of the local wiki: + + gitorigin_branch => "", + ## git post-commit wrapper + wrapper => "/working/dir/.git/hooks/post-commit", +Then just committing should refresh the private ikiwiki on the local +host. Now just run `ikiwiki -setup localwiki.setup -getctime` and +you should be good to go. (You only need the slow `-getctime` option +the first time you run setup.) Use standard git commands to handle +pulling from and pushing to the server. **Note**: Currently, after +pulling changes from the bare root repository, you will need to +manually update the local wiki, with a command such as `ikiwiki +-setup localwiki.setup -refresh`. This is because git 1.5.4 doesn't +have a hook that is run locally after pulling changes. Newer +versions of git will have a `post-merge` hook that should work for +this purpose. -[[Editing_wiki_pages_manually|GitManual]] \ No newline at end of file